SUPER-SUPRA INTERMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES NOW POWER GENERAL COMPUTING
HISTORICALLY UNPRECEDENTED DISTRIBUTED LEDGER INNOVATIONS DELIVER UBIQUITY, INSTANTANEITY, IMMUTABILITY, AND SECURITY FOR UNIVERSAL, DECENTRALIZED, GENERAL COMPUTING
Available technologies now super-power time-sequenced, real time distributed ledger technologies for supra-general computing.
These technologies enable super-supra intermediation to supersede disintermediation.
Super time-sequenced, real time, distributed ledger technologies afford sustainable, fault tolerant distributed ledgers powering general computing. Quantum event securely transmitted data traverses nodes and networks. Distributed ledger transactions deliver immutability by timestamping data across wireline and wireless networks, cloud computing and 5G wireless networks.
These distributed ledger technologies are absolutely supra. Blockchains, transactionally integrated multiple distributed ledgers, decentralized exchanges and immutable, distributed databases can now thrive atop and across broadband networks and operating systems for and as supra general computing.
Super-Supra intermediation innovations achieve universal, decentralized, general computing.
Legacy systems
1.) do not scale,
2.) are corrupted by taking big parts of transactions off chain,
3.) have yet to resolve and implement asynchronous consensus, and
4.) require too much energy to clarify value authentication.
These conditions inure because disintermediation premises and constrains so many systems.
With these historically unprecedented innovations, the technologists originating these fresh general computing and ledger technology capabilities now join a select company of pioneers.
In 1956, Jay Forrester sped and freed general computing from geography by democratizing memory and generalizing storage. Binary core/random access memory stored “electrical information in a multidimensional array of coincident devices any one of which can be located by a relatively simple system of coordinate wires.” Speed ensued as acoustic delay lines, magnetic drums, and electrostatic storage tubes could and did fade out. Data processing centers then became staples of mid twentieth century suburban industrial and office parks through dedicated data lines that enabled data processing businesses to offer and wide varieties of enterprises and organizations to use those efficiencies.
In 1944, IBM paved the way for remote locations of general computers by enabling a single carrier to supersede parallel circuits. So doing further generalized computing by providing and combining “a plurality of sources of energy …into a complex wave under record control to be transmitted over a single medium whereupon the original plurality of electrical characteristics are reformed for the control of accumulating and recording units.”
In 1864, Charles Babbage laid the cornerstone for general computing with universality and speed. “The Analytical Engine is therefore a machine of the most general nature…. [A]ll the developments of formula would be directed by this condition—that the machine should be able to compute their numerical value in the shortest possible time.”
In 1494, Fra Luca Pacioli memorialized his innovations creating double entry ledgers precisely due to their general applicability and utility addressing all the elements of incoming receipts and outgoing expenditures. “Nobody until now has formed general rules because they are not proportional among them ... And therefore, until now, for their equations, one cannot give general rules except that, sometimes, by trial, ... in some particular cases… [T]he art, until now, has not given … solutions…”
Of course, these are but illustrative examples of general computing.[1]
Nonetheless, in each and across all cases, whether Pacioli, Babbage, IBM, or Forrester, innovation created speed, repeatable processes, and reliable outcomes.
Super-Supra technologies now super-power time-sequenced real time distributed ledger technologies for supra universal, decentralized, general computing through Super-Supra intermediation.
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Endnote
[1] For computing, see also contributions by David Packard, William Hewitt, Robert Noyce, Andy Grove, Gordon Moore, Vinod Khosla, Andy Bechtolsheim, Scott McNealy, Bill Joy, Lawrence Ellison, Robert Miner, Edward Oates, Umang Gupta, Howard Aiken, John W. Mauchly, J. Presper Eckert, Jr., Thomas J. Watson, Sr. and Jr., Georges Frederic Doriot, Grace Hopper, Kathleen McNulty, Betty Jean Jennings, Elizabeth Snyder, Marlyn Wescoff, Frances Bilas, Ruth Lichterman, Betty Holberton, Mya Stone, Seymour Cray, Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Doug McIlroy.
For the Internet, in May, 1974, Vinton Cerf and Robert E. Kahn published Department of Defense sponsored Internet Protocol/Packet Switching research inventing and designating capabilities to send and receive packets of information across “different packet switching networks” (e.g., “a protocol that supports the sharing of resources that exist in different packet switching networks… [and] provides for variation in individual network packet sizes, transmission failures, sequencing, flow control, end-to-end error checking, and the creation and destruction of logical process-to-process connections”). Cerf and Kahn risked that other electrical and electronic engineers would trust their “protocol design and philosophy that supports the sharing of resources that exist in different packet switching networks” enough to investigate, test, perfect and eventually adopt the protocol as a de facto standard pioneering the Internet.
As for Internet transmission, Jon Postel designed Internet transmission in standardized coding configurations. Postel architected transmission control protocols for end-to-end connectivity and reliability based on “concepts first described by Cerf and Kahn.” He architected a transmission control protocol to reliably interconnect across and through Internet architecture layers over distinct networks employing individual gateways. Postel expressly designed the transmission protocol “to send and receive variable-length segments of information enclosed in internet datagram ‘envelopes’…. ” Postel’s transmission controls extended the Cerf and Kahn paradigm and scaled end-to-end connectivity with transmission controls ranking, processing, and executing delivery. He published these paradigms in 1980 and 1981.
Notable innovators in other fields of technology also include Oliver Heaviside, 1880; John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley invent transistor at Bell Labs, 1947: Jack Kilby invents initial integrated circuit at Texas Instruments, Robert Noyce does so at Fairchild Camera, 1959; initial television: John Logie Baird, Kalman Tihanyi, Philo Farnsworth, Vladimir Zworykin, David Sarnoff, Manfred von Ardenne, Kenjiro Takiyangi, German Post Office telecasts Olympics, Berlin, 1936, NTSC, etc.); radio frequency and computers as communications devices: Vannevar Bush, J.C.R. Licklider, Norbert Wiener, and others, 1920’s+; scientific management, Frederick Winslow Taylor, Frank Gilbreth, late 19th to mid-20th century; process control technologies, W. Edwards Deming, mid-20th century.